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SLS 3: Clarification Filters

SLS 3: Clarification Filters
     Part 1: Introduction
         1. INTRODUCTION
             1.1 Contents of Volume
             1.2 Selection of Clarification Filters
             1.3 Other Clarification Equipment
             1.4 Glossary
     Part 2 : Theory of clarification filters
         1. Introduction
             1.1 Background
             1.2 Objectives
             1.3 Report Structure
             1.4 How to Use the Report
         2. Clarification By Gravity Filters
             2.1 Deep Bed Filters
                 2.1.1 Applications
             2.2 Operation
                 2.2.1 Filter Configuration
                 2.2.2 Deep Bed Filter Media
                 2.2.3 Transport Mechanism
                 2.2.4 Trajectories
                 2.2.5 Development of Governing Equations
                 2.2.6 Time Dependence - Filter Coefficient
                 2.2.7 Head Loss
                 2.2.8 Optimisation
                 2.2.9 Filterability Test
         3. Flotation
             3.1 Definition
             3.2 Operation
                 3.2.1 Electrolytic Flotation
                 3.2.2 Dispersed Air Flotation
                 3.2.3 Dissolved Air Flotation
             3.3 Determination of Design Data
         4. Clarification by vacuum filters
         5. Clarification by Pressure filters
         6. Clarification by Centrifugation
         7. Clarification by Electrical Forces
             7.1 Magnetic Filters
             7.2 Single Fibre Efficiency
                 7.2.1 Inertia Deposition
                 7.2.2 Direct Interception
                 7.2.3 Diffusion Deposition
                 7.2.4 Gravity Deposition
                 7.2.5 Electrostatic Deposition
                 7.2.6 Combination of Physical Separation Mechanisms
             7.3 Mathematical Modelling of HGMF Processes
                 7.3.1 Approach to Modelling
                 7.3.2 The Magnetic Force
             7.4 Hydrodynamic Forces
             7.5 The Gravitational Force
             7.6 The Force Balance
                 7.6.1 Integration of Governing Equations
             7.7 Solution Algorithm
                 7.7.1 The (Critical) Radius of Trajectory
                 7.7.2 Prediction of Collection Efficiency of a Total Filter
             7.8 Polydisperse Systems
         8. References
     Part 3: Screens
         1. INTRODUCTION
             1.1 Scope of this Part
             1.2 Applications for Screens
             1.3 Layout of this Part
         2. EQUIPMENT OPTIONS
             2.1 Types of Screen
                 2.1.1 Fixed Screens
                 2.1.2 Moving Screens
             2.2 Configurations for Flat Screens
             2.3 Screen Surfaces
         3. APPLICATIONS AND SELECTION
             3.1 Typical Applications
                 3.1.1 Classification
                 3.1.2 Dewatering
                 3.1.3 Liquid Clarification
             3.2 Screens and Alternative Separation Equipment
                 3.2.1 Classification
                 3.2.2 Dewatering
                 3.2.3 Clarification
             3.3 Selection Between Different Screens
                 3.3.1 Selection of Screen Type
                 3.3.2 Selection of Screen Surface
                 3.3.3 Costs, Power and Weights
         4. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE
             4.1 Grade Efficiency in Classification
             4.2 Design for Dewatering
             4.3 Throughput
         5. OPERATION
             5.1 Installation of Screens into Flowsheets
             5.2 Operation and Control
             5.3 Blinding
             5.4 Wear
             5.5 Noise
             5.6 Operating Costs
         6. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
         7. REFERENCES
     Part 4: In-line Strainers
         1. INTRODUCTION
             1.1 Contents of Part 4
             1.2 Filtration in Strainers
         2. TYPES OF STRAINER AVAILABLE
             2.1 Non Self-cleaning Strainers
                 2.1.1 In-pipe or Pipefitting Screens
                 2.1.2 Y-type Strainers
                 2.1.3 T-type or Basket Strainers
                 2.1.4 Strainers with Sheets of Pleated Gauze
             2.2 Self-cleaning Strainers
                 2.2.1 Cleaning by Scraping or Brushing
                 2.2.2 Cleaning by Backflush
         3. SELECTION OF STRAINERS, EDGE AND BAG FILTERS
         4. OPERATION, CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS FOR STRAINERS, EDGE AND BAG FILTERS
             4.1 Strainers, Edge and Bag Filters in Plant Circuits
             4.2 Operation and Control
                 4.2.1 Filter Cleaning
                 4.2.2 Other Aspects of Operation and Control
             4.3 Some Typical Industrial Circuits
         5. SOME OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
             5.1 Breakthrough
             5.2 Leakage from the Filter and Within the Filter
             5.3 Excessive Rise in Differential Pressure with Time
         6. REFERENCES
     Part 5: Micro strainers
     Part 6: Edge Filters
         1. INTRODUCTION
             1.1 Contents of Part 6
             1.2 Filtration in Edge Filters
         2. TYPES OF EDGE FILTER AVAILABLE
             2.1 Edge Filters Cleaned by Scraping
                 2.1.1 The Purolator Filter
                 2.1.2 The Auto Klean Plate Strainer
                 2.1.3 The Clinsol Strainer
             2.2 Edge Filters Cleaned by Backflushing
                 2.2.1 The Auto-Klean Strainer
                 2.2.2 The Misselbrook Filter
                 2.2.3 The Rellumit Fipoca Filter
                 2.2.4 The Rotoklene Strainer
                 2.2.5 The Plenty Automatic Backwashing Strainer
             2.3 Edge Filters Cleaned by Scraping and Backflushing
                 2.3.1 The Auto-Klean Flush-Flow Strainer
     Part 7: Bag Filters
         1. INTRODUCTION
             1.1 Contents of Part 7
             1.2 Filtration in Bag Filters
         2. EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE
     Part 8: Cartridge Filters
         1. INTRODUCTION
         2. FILTRATION IN CARTRIDGE FILTERS
             2.1 Rigid Media
             2.2 Non-rigid Media
             2.3 Membranes
             2.4 Combination Filter Media
         3. TYPES OF EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE
             3.1 Single Filter Cartridge
             3.2 Increasing Capacity
             3.3 Media
                 3.3.1 Introduction
                 3.3.2 Micron Ratings
                 3.3.3 Media Available
                 3.3.4 Casings and Housings
         4. SELECTION ASPECTS
             4.1 Introduction
             4.2 Process Requirements and Objectives
             4.3 Feedstock Characteristics
             4.4 Choosing the Right Filter Medium
             4.5 Making the Final Selection
         5. OPERATION AND CONTROL
             5.1 Circuits Employed
             5.2 When to Change the Cartridge
             5.3 Cleaning the Cartridge
             5.4 Applications
         6. OPERATING PROBLEMS AND SOME POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
         7. REFERENCES
     Part 9: Sheet Filters
         1. INTRODUCTION
         2. FILTRATION IN SHEET FILTERS
         3. EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE
             3.1 Filter Presses used as Sheet Filters
                 3.1.1 Presses
                 3.1.2 Plates
                 3.1.3 Filter Media
             3.2 Pressure Plate and Mat Filters Used as Sheet Filters
                 3.2.1 Pressure Plate Filters
                 3.2.2 Mat Filters
         4. SELECTION ASPECTS
             4.1 Introduction
             4.2 Process Requirements and Objectives
             4.3 Feedstock Characteristics
             4.4 Choosing the Right Filter Medium
             4.5 Making the Final Selection
         5. OPERATION, CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS
             5.1 Introduction
             5.2 Filtration
             5.3 Cleaning
             5.4 Control
             5.5 Applications
         6. OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTION
         7. REFERENCES

Volume SLS III : Part 1 Introduction

This part summarises the content of the volume, explains how the volume is laid out and how to use it to best effect.

Volume SLS III : Part 2 Theory of straining and depth filtration

This part has yet to be written although at present the reader may find some information concerning depth filtration in precoats in  Volume VIII.

Volume SLS III : Part 3 Screens

These are strainers with relatively large apertures which retain particles coarser than the aperture size while allowing liquid and finer particles to pass through.

Volume SLS III : Parts 4 to 11

Parts 4-11 will each describe the available equipment options. They show when to use one option in preference to another and give advice on the installation, operation and maintenance of the equipment. Precoat filters (Part 10) are described in Volume VIII.

Volume SLS III : Part 12 Testing of clarification filters

This part will discuss the testing of clarification filters.