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GC 7: Demisting

GC 7: Demisting
     Part 1: Introduction
         1. INTRODUCTION
     Part 2: State of the Art
         0 STATE OF THE ART
         1 DROPLET SIZE AND FORMATION
             1.1 Particle Size and the Demisting Problem
             1.2 Sources and Mechanisms of Liquid Entrainment
                 1.2.1 Formation of droplets by bubbles erupting at a gas/liquid interface
                 1.2.2 Droplet formation due to high relative velocity between gas and liquid
                 1.2.3 Condensation
             1.3 Changes in Droplet Size after Re-entrainment
                 1.3.1 Two-phase flow regime
                 1.3.2 Evaporation
                 1.3.3 Condensation growth of droplets
             1.4 Effect of Contaminants
             1.5 Droplet Size Distribution: Measurement and Modelling
                 1.5.1 Measurement of droplet size distribution
                 1.5.2 Representation of drop size distribution data
             1.6 Conclusions on the Role of Droplet Size in the Selection and Design of Demisters
         2 GRAVITATIONAL COLLECTORS
             2.1 Vertical separators
             2.2 Horizontal separators
             2.3 Secondary demisters
             2.4 Separator sizing
         3 INERTIAL COLLECTORS
             3.1 Knitted meshes
                 3.1.1 Installation
                 3.1.2 Collection efficiency
                 3.1.3 Pressure drop
                 3.1.4 Drainage and re-entrainment
                 3.1.5 Solids deposition
                 3.1.6 Coalescing mesh pads
             3.2 Fine fibre demisters
                 3.2.1 Brink high velocity demister
                 3.2.2 B-GON mist eliminator
             3.3 Wave plates
                 3.3.1 Collection efficiency
                 3.3.2 Collection efficiency in systems other than air/water
                 3.3.3 Pressure drop
                 3.3.4 Re-entrainment
                 3.3.5 Solids deposition
             3.4 Packed beds
                 3.4.1 Plant operating characteristics
                 3.4.2 Solids deposition
         4 CYCLONIC COLLECTORS
             4.1 Applications
                 4.1.1 Wet scrubber entrainment separators
                 4.1.2 Flooded cyclones
                 4.1.3 Oil and gas processing
             4.2 Re-entrainment
         5 DIFFUSIONAL COLLECTORS
             5.1 Candle filters
         6 COULOMBIC FORCES
             6.1 Electrostatic precipitators
         7 GAS FLOW MALDISTRIBUTION AND MULTISTAGE DEMISTING
             7.1 Inertial devices in gravity separators
             7.2 Inertial devices and cyclonic separators
             7.3 Use of make-up water and washing sprays
         8 LIQUID SEALS
     Part 3: State of the Science
         0 STATE OF THE SCIENCE
         1 DROPLET SIZE AND FORMATION
         2 GRAVITATIONAL COLLECTION
             2.1 Vertical flow
             2.2 Horizontal flow
         3 INERTIAL IMPACTION
             3.1 Wire mesh demisters
                 3.1.1 Collection efficiency
                 3.1.2 Pressure drop
                 3.1.3 Maximum gas velocity and flooding
                 3.1.4 Re-entrainment
                 3.1.5 Stochastic mesh modelling
             3.2 Fine fibre demisters
                 3.2.1 Collection efficiency
             3.3 Wave plates
                 3.3.1 Collection efficiency
                 3.3.2 Pressure drop
                 3.3.3 Flooding
                 3.3.4 Re-entrainment
             3.4 Packed beds
                 3.4.1 Collection efficiency
                 3.4.2 Pressure drop
                 3.4.3 Maximum gas velocity and flooding
                 3.4.4 Re-entrainment
         4 CENTRIFUGAL COLLECTION
             4.1 Cyclones
                 4.1.1 Collection efficiency
                 4.1.2 Pressure drop
                 4.1.3 Liquid carryover
         5 GENERALISED CORRELATION FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF INERTIAL COLLECTORS
         6 DIFFUSIONAL COLLECTION
             6.1 Candle filters
                 6.1.1 Collection efficiency
                 6.1.2 Pressure drop
         7 COULOMBIC ATTRACTION
         8 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC STUDIES
     Part 4: Equipment Selection and Design
         1 DEFINING THE PROBLEM
             1.1 Is there a problem?
             1.2 Collection efficiency required
             1.3 Other factors
         2 DEFINING THE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
             2.1 Demister performance data
         3 SELECTING A VALID SOLUTION
             3.1 Selection by cut diameter
         4 INSTALLATION DESIGN
             4.1 Overcoming fouling problems
             4.2 Inertial devices
             4.3 Centrifugal collectors
             4.4 Diffusional collectors
             4.5 Electrostatic collectors
     Part 5: Nomenclature
         1. REFERENCES
     Part 6: References
         1. NOMENCLATURE
     Terms and Conditions

This Volume covers the removal of dispersed liquid droplets from gases under circumstances where negligible quantities of insoluble solids are present. The accent is on the use of demisters for the chemical process industries although much of the information is also relevant to gas oil separators.

Part 1 Introduction
Part 2 State of the Technology
Part 3 State of the Science
Part 4 Equipment Design and Selection

 

Volume GC VII   Part 1 Introduction.

This part gives a brief description of the structure of the rest of the Manual volume.


Volume GC VII   Part 2 State of the technology.

The operation and use of different types of the demister are described. The devices are grouped according to the collection mechanism employed including gravity, inertia, centrifugal force, diffusion and electrostatics. Devices described include gravity separators, knitted mesh pads, wave plates, packed beds, cyclones, candle demisters and wet electrostatic precipitators. Multi-stage demisting installations, fouling, gas flow distribution and liquid seals are covered. Also, practical aspects of droplet formation are discussed.


Volume GC VII   Part 3 State of the science.

Models available for predicting demister performance and operation are discussed. As in Part 2, devices are grouped according to the collection mechanism employed, and models for collection efficiency, pressure drop and flooding and re-entrainment are included. Also, models for droplet formation are described. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for predicting gas flows in demister vessels is also covered.


Volume GC VII   Part 4 Equipment design and selection.

This part includes advice on how to adequately define the demisting problem, select possible solutions and size/design installations. It is planned that this part will be expanded as design procedures become available from the SPS demisting research programmes.