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GC 6: Fabric Filtration

GC 6: Fabric Filtration
     Part 1: Filtration Equipment
         1 INTRODUCTION
         2 PRINCIPLES OF FABRIC FILTRATION
             2.1 Scope of Fabric Filter Applications
             2.2 Transport of Dust to the Filter
             2.3 Filter Elements
             2.4 Filter Fabrics
             2.5 Filter Configurations
             2.6 Initial Filtration
             2.7 Cake Development
             2.8 Cake Growth
             2.9 Cake Adhesion and Cohesion
             2.10 The Cleaning Phase
             2.11 Continued Filter Operation
         3 OPERATION OF FABRIC FILTERS
             3.1 Operation Under Positive or Negative Pressure
             3.2 Intermittent or Continuous Operation
             3.3 Unit Collectors and Centralised Collectors
             3.4 Flow Regimes
         4 TYPES OF FABRIC FILTER
             4.1 Cleaning by Shaking and Vibration
             4.2 Cleaning by Reverse Flow
             4.3 Pulse Jet Filters
             4.4 On-line and Off-line Cleaning
         5 FILTER BAGS
             5.1 Geometry and Dimensions of Filter Elements
             5.2 Tubular Element Geometry
             5.3 Tubular Elements made from Woven Cloths
             5.4 Tubular Elements made from Needlefelts
             5.5 Envelope Elements
         6 ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT FOR PULSE JET FILTERS
             6.1 Requirements for Ancillary Equipment
             6.2 Compressed Air Supplies
             6.3 Pulse Tubes and Diaphragm Valves
             6.4 Venturi Injectors
             6.5 Support Cages
         7 OTHER ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
             7.1 Dampers for Compartment Isolation
             7.2 Fans
             7.3 Flow Control Dampers
             7.4 Noise Control
             7.5 Dust Discharge and Handling Facilities
             7.6 Insulation and Preheating for Protection Against Condensation
             7.7 Access for Maintenance, Sampling and Testing
         8 START UP, MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLE SHOOTING
             8.1 Installation and Start Up
             8.2 Maintenance
             8.3 Trouble Shooting
         9 THE USE OF FABRIC FILTERS FOR FLAMMABLE AND EXPLOSIVE DUSTS
             9.1 Introduction
             9.2 Prevention
             9.3 Protection
             9.4 Venting
             9.5 Media Selection in Fire and Explosion Hazard Situations
     Part 2: State of the Science
         1 INTRODUCTION
         2 FABRIC FILTRATION THEORY
             2.1 Fundamental equations for flow through filter cakes
             2.2 Deviations from theoretical behaviour
             2.3 The determination of filtration parameters
         3 FILTER CLEANING
             3.1 Cake bonding forces
             3.2 Shake cleaning
             3.3 Reverse air cleaning
             3.4 Reverse pulse cleaning
         4 THE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF FABRIC FILTERS
             4.1 Mechanisms of particle capture
             4.2 Mechanisms of particle penetration
             4.3 The gravimetric efficiency of fabric filters
             4.4 Grade efficiencies of fabric filters
             4.5 Outlet mass flux from fabric filters
         5 MODELLING PROCEDURES FOR FABRIC FILTERS
             5.1 Types of model
             5.2 Macroscale models
             5.3 Microscale models
             5.4 Conclusions concerning the state of the science
     Part 3: Textile Technology of Fabric Filter Media
         1 INTRODUCTION
         2 FIBRES: MORPHOLOGY
             2.1 Fibre Length
             2.2 Fibre Fineness and Diameter
             2.3 Cross Sectional Shape
             2.4 Fibre Crimp
             2.5 Fibre Surface Characteristics
             2.6 Fibre composition
         3 FIBRES: RESISTANCE TO DEGRADATION
             3.1 Effects of Dry Heat
             3.2 Effects of moist heat
             3.3 Degradation by Chemical Attack
         4 FIBRES: TENSILE PROPERTIES
             4.1 Features of Tensile Behaviour
             4.2 Individual Fibres - Stress-Strain Characteristics
             4.3 Elastic properties
         5 FIBRES: OTHER MECHANCIAL PROPERTIES
             5.1 Bending Stiffness and Flexibility
             5.2 Torsional Rigidity
             5.3 Flexural Fatigue
             5.4 Abrasion and Wear Resistance
             5.5 Dimensional Stability
         6 YARNS
             6.1 Staple Yarns
             6.2 Filament yarns
             6.3 Designation of Yarns
         7 FIBROUS BATTS
             7.1 Carding
             7.2 Batt Formers
         8 WOVEN FABRICS
             8.1 Weaving
             8.2 Cloth Weaves
             8.3 Woven Fabric Structure and Design
         9 FELTS
             9.1 Wool Felts
             9.2 Needlefelts
             9.3 Needlelooms
             9.4 Needlefelt Manufacture
             9.5 Needlefelt structure
             9.6 Needle felt supports
             9.7 Unsupported Needlefelts
             9.8 The Effect of Needlefelt Structure on Filtration Performance
         10 OTHER TYPES OF FABRIC
             10.1 Knitted Fabrics
             10.2 Stitch Bonded Fabrics
             10.3 Metallic Fabrics
         11 FABRIC FINISHES
             11.1 Dimensional Stability
             11.2 Surface Texture
             11.3 Special Treatments
     Part 4: Selection and Sizing of Fabric Filter Plant
         1 INFORMATION REQUIRED
         2 SELECTION OF FILTER TYPE
         3 SELECTION OF FILTER FABRIC
         4 SELECTION OF FILTRATION VELOCITY
         5 EVALUATION OF TENDERS
     Part 5: The Selection of Media for Fabric Filtration
         1 INTRODUCTION
         2 SELECTION GUIDE FOR FILTER FABRICS
             2.1 Introduction
             2.2 Selection of Fibre Type
             2.3 The Choice Between Woven and Non-Woven Filter Fabrics
             2.4 Specification of Filter Media
             2.5 Fabrics Available
             2.6 Selection of Fabric Parameters
             2.7 Fabric Finishes
             2.8 Discussions with Potential Suppliers
         3 THE SELECTION OF MEDIA FOR FABRIC FILTRATION
             3.1 Introduction and Basic Textile Technology
             3.2 Selection of Fibre Type
             3.3 The Choice Between Woven and Non-Woven Fabrics
             3.4 Specification of Filter Fabrics
             3.5 Fabrics Available
             3.6 Selection of Woven Media
             3.7 Selection of Non-Woven Media
             3.8 Fabric Finishing Techniques
             3.9 Fabric Filter Media for Gas Temperatures Above 250?#176;C
         4 FILTER MEDIA EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
             4.1 Introduction
             4.2 Fibre Identification
             4.3 Fabric Weight
             4.4 Thickness
             4.5 Permeability
             4.6 Yarn Identification
             4.7 Identification of Warp and Weft Directions
             4.8 Number of Ends and Picks
             4.9 Weave Pattern
             4.10 Thermal Dimensional Stability
             4.11 Fabric Finish
     Part 6 - New filter media
         1. Introduction
         2. Non Woven Media
             2.1 Adsorptive Filter Media
                 2.1.1 J.C. Binzer carbon sandwich filter media
             2.2 HEPA Media
                 2.2.1 Laminated glass fibre filter media
                 2.2.2 Prefilter grades
                 2.2.3 HEPA and ULPA grades
             2.3 Ventilation Filter Media
                 2.3.1 Automobile and resin coated filter materials
         3. Ceramic Media
             3.1 Introduction
             3.2 Ceramic Fibre Filters
                 3.2.1 Woven ceramics
             3.3 Rigid Porous Filters
                 3.3.1 Ceramic cross-flow Filters
             3.4 Ceramic Candle Filters
                 3.4.1 Sintered granular candle filter
                 3.4.2 Fibrous Media
                 3.4.3 Novel materials
         4. Metallic Media
             4.1 Woven Wire
             4.2 Knitted Wire
             4.3 Perforated Metals
             4.4 Expanded Metal
             4.5 Electroformed
             4.6 Porous Sintering
                 4.6.1 Metal powders
                 4.6.2 Metal fibres
                 4.6.3 Growth of metal whiskers
         5. Woven Polymer Media
         6. References
         7. Appendices
             7.1 APPENDIX 1: Filter Media
             7.2 APPENDIX 2: Manufacturers Address
     References
         1. REFERENCES

Volume VI provides a comprehensive guide to all aspects of fabric filtration.

Part 1 Fabric filtration equipment
Part 2 State of the science of fabric filtration
Part 3 The textile technology of fabric media
Part 4 Selection and sizing of fabric filter plant
Part 5 The selection of media for fabric filtration

 

Volume GC VI  Part 1 Fabric filtration equipment.

In this part, separate sections cover the principles of fabric filtration, operation of fabric filters, types of fabric filter, types of filter bags and end closures, the ancillary equipment required for both the filter, and the air and gas supplied to the filter, maintenance and trouble-shooting and the use of fabric filters for flammable and explosive dusts.


Volume GC VI  Part 2 State of the science of fabric filtration.

Part 2 details the current state of the science. It includes fabric filtration theory, where the fundamental equations of flow through filter cakes are discussed along with the deviations from theory. A section on filter cleaning discusses cake bonding force, shake cleaning, reverse air cleaning and reverse pulse cleaning. Mechanisms of particle capture and penetration and the efficiency of fabric filters is dealt with in another section. The final section in this part deals with modelling procedures for fabric filters. It covers both microscale and macroscale models.


Volume GC VI  Part 3 The textile technology of fabric media.

Part 3 covers in considerable depth those aspects of textile technology which relate to the performance of fabric filters. It includes fibre morphology, and the resistance of fibres to degradation by both dry and moist heat and chemicals. Tensile and other mechanical properties are also covered. Information on the processes for making yarns, fibrous batts, woven fabrics, felts and other types of fabric are included. Finally the application and use of fabric finishes is discussed.


Volume GC VI  Part 4 Selection and sizing of fabric filter plant.

This part includes information on the process information required to design and specify a fabric filter. Advice is also given on the selection of the appropriate type of filter to use as well as on the selection of the filter fabric and the filtration velocity. The evaluation of tenders is also discussed.


Volume GC VI  Part 5 The selection of media for fabric filtration.

This part includes a comprehensive guide to the selection of the filter media. It starts with a selection guide and then goes on to give detailed information on the various aspects of choosing the correct media. Such as the choice between non-woven and woven fabrics, fibre type and weight, weave pattern, surface finish etc. There is also a section giving details of filter media evaluation techniques, this covers: density, the burning test, temperature contraction and melting point, chemical analysis weight, thickness, permeability and many others.